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global city
A global city, also called world city or sometimes alpha city or world center, is a city generally considered to be an important node in the global economic system. The concept comes from geography and urban studies and rests on the idea that globalization can be understood as largely created, facilitated, and enacted in strategic geographic locales according to a hierarchy of importance to the operation of the global system of finance and trade.
The most complex of these entities is the "global city", whereby the linkages binding a city have a direct and tangible effect on global affairs through socio-economic means.〔Sassen, Saskia - ''(The global city: strategic site/new frontier )''〕 The use of "global city", as opposed to "megacity", was popularized by sociologist Saskia Sassen in her 1991 work, ''The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo'',〔Sassen, Saskia - ''(The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. )'' (1991) - Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-07063-6〕 though the term "world city" to refer to cities that control a disproportionate amount of global business dates to at least the May 1886 description of Liverpool by ''The Illustrated London News''. Patrick Geddes also used the term "world city" later in 1915.〔Doel, M. & Hubbard, P., (2002), "Taking World Cities Literally: Marketing the City in a Global Space of flows", ''City'', vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 351-368. Subscription required〕 Cities can also fall from such categorization, as in the case of cities that have become less cosmopolitan and less internationally renowned in the current era.
== Criteria ==
Global city status is considered to be beneficial and desired, and because of this, many groups have tried to classify and rank which cities are seen as ''world cities'' or ''non-world cities''.〔 Although there is a consensus upon leading world cities,〔(GaWC Research Bulletin 5 ), GaWC, Loughborough University, 28 July 1999〕 the criteria upon which a classification is made can affect which other cities are included.〔 The criteria for identification tend either to be based on a ''yardstick value'' (e.g., if the producer-service sector is the largest sector then city X is a world city)〔 or on an ''imminent determination'' (if the producer-service sector of city X is greater than the combined producer-service sectors of N other cities then city X is a world city.)〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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